Should Zoo Be Banned?

Ban Zoo Background By definition, a zoo is a facility in which animals are kept and displayed to the public. It is a short form of Menagerie, zoological park and garden. The word zoological refers to zoology which means study of animals. An Egyptian queen called Queen Hatshepsut decided to build a zoo about 1500BC and about five hundred years later a Chinese Emperor named Wen Wang founded the Garden of Intelligence. The Garden of Intelligence was an enormous zoo which was full of different kind of animals and lots of ancient statues.During that time many small zoos were established to show power and wealth by rulers from Northern Africa, India, and China. Other well-known collectors of animals were King Solomon  of the  Kingdom of Israel and Judah, and King  Nebuchadnezzar  from  Babylonia. The Roman emperors used to keep private collections of animals or private zoos for study purposes or for use in an arena. The ancient Greeks established public zoos to study animal and p lant life. That time Greek students used to visit zoos as part of their education.In the beginning Europeans did not have the interest to visit the zoos but when explorers bought strange creatures back with them, it strangely renewed the interest of Europeans in animals and zoos. In the modern era the oldest existing zoo was the  Vienna Zoo  in Austria. Tierpark Hagenbeck   is known as the first zoo to use open enclosures surrounded by moats rather than barred cages. The purpose was to keep the animals in touch with nature. My uncle was a zookeeper for over eight years. A lot of times wild animals get injured and If proper care is not given they might have to live a disabled life.For instance, owls have very fragile bones in their wings. If it breaks it creates permanent disorder in its flight. For a flightless owl in the wild life it will be difficult to defend itself easily; it might not survive. â€Å"They pay the price of their beauty, poor beasts. Mankind wants to catch anything beautiful and shut it up, and then come in thousands to watch it die by inches’’ (qtd. in Best 4). There are some people who take a baby animal from the jungle to keep it as a pet. Once the animal grew up it does not look cute anymore, and may become uncontrollable.Therefore, the person takes it to a zoo to live out the rest of its life. Thus, they start to lose some of their natural abilities because zoo do not provide natural environment for wild animals. It may be difficult for an animal to adjust to a different environment if necessary steps are not taken. INTRO Animals are being kept in the zoos has provided people such as children or city dwellers to experience the great biodiversity of the Earth and understand how they behave. These realistic images of the wildlife are nothing like what we could see in discovery channels or books making the zoo a great source of education.It is also true that zoo not only just exposes different creatures to us, but also informs the visitors on each species of animals such as their scientific names, their specialties, what food they eat and their behaviours. Moreover, zoos nowadays are involved in conservation programs of animals that are in the risk of extinction and thus at the same time making visitors aware of them. However, people these days are more interested in the entertainment because many would come to the zoo for picnics (Kazarov 8).Whenever I visit a zoo I see children who are more interested in observing the creatures up closely, ignoring the information board provided for that animal. As for the parents, they are more concerned about taking photos of their children next to the pitiful animal. Even if there really are people visiting to seek the knowledge, do you think that the benefits we gain are worth the suffering of thousands of animals of hundreds or species? Furthermore, in the zoos, we cannot learn as much as a hunter do because we do not see what the animals do naturally, but the unfortunate things done to them. Do we really need zoos?There are many articles, for instance, ‘’Zoos and the end of nature’’ written about how animals suffer inside the zoo. These reasons all the more convinced us that animals should not be kept in zoo, for it is a miserable place that restricts the animal right, mistreat them, and use the excuse of maintaining the endangered organisms to keep their business running. Animals in the zoo should have the every right to be able to do what they want and to be free, but the zoos just have to ruin it. One issue that is common in animal rights discourse involves the use of animals in circuses and animal shows where the animals are forced to do such acts.For those who belong to the animal rights movement, and for all people who have a genuine concern for all animals, it is not good for humans to use animals in entertainment shows because such act is equivalent to exploitation. Respect and compassion should no t be limited to human beings alone. Animals, like humans, have their own natural tendencies. They have their own natural environment where they were originally meant to live and thrive. Respecting the rights of animals includes leaving them in their natural environment where they can grow and enjoy being the animals that they are.For example, certain marine animals require an environment that is composed of salt water and a vast space for them to grow. However, the issue to be considered of is that if zoos want to create a perfect habitat environment for animals it would be costly, and thus many zoos in the world do not do so. And when the zoos do not meet the required standard, what would the animals in the zoos become? In some zoos, especially in my country, the cages are too small that it's more of a cell rather than a place to stay.While visitors laughed and have fun looking at these animals and walking around the zoo, the animals remained bounded inside a cage, like accused cri minals. In some zoos, the condition is worse. The cages might be spacious, the environment close to natural, but how do you think they are fed? Two bananas a day for a monkey; three maybe. Sometimes the zoo seems like a village that recently suffered a drought and the animals inside may be comparable to the refugees from a barren desert. In fact, animals suffered not only physical damage, but also mental problems.According to a report captive animals normally develop stereotypies. For example, we usually see elephants weaving their trunk and head left and right and polar bears pacing incessantly. This could mean that they are frustrated or thwarted due to the poor conditions (Clubb et al 222-223 ). Animals also have emotion, they can be sad, they can be happy, they can be distressed. If humans have even a single shred of sympathy inside them, they should treat the animals with more care, and realise animals need as much happiness as people. Further misdoing of the zoo is the ill-tre atment towards animals.It is not uncommon for humans to treat animals very badly; in roman times, the actions go as far as using them in death matches. However, zoos, which are more than just a collection of animals, have gone more than acceptable in the way they take care of the animals. For example, in Islamabad Pakistan, a female elephant was reported to be poisoned. My friend who was present during the investigation found out that the elephant was overdosed by tranquilizers, as anti-anxiety agent. Further investigations show that the death of the animal could have been avoided if not for the irresponsible actions of the care takers.It seemed that a quarrel broke out between the care takers over the money they gained from the visitors when the visitors rode the elephant and took pictures. It is very horrible to find out that one of the zoo keepers would kill an innocent creature to set the blame onto the other keeper. Even then, the case was closed with nobody charged, as the gov ernment confided the dead elephant's mate until the true culprit was found, which was never. There was also another case; a video report showing a zoo in Oklahoma, G. W Exotic, which had a collection of 1400 animals, of which 200 are big cats.In the video, many of the big cats were treated cruelly; tigers were hit on the nose and sometimes even whipped by the care takers, and using them for shows and performances were not a rare occasion. Some big cats were also used to attract viewers by releasing them to the general public and it has been going on for quite long. According to the specialists, a cub is only allowed to interact with human from two to four weeks. There, they have cub 21 weeks old that are released and brought dangerously close to visitors even when these cubs are carnivores and are known to be ferocious.When this mindless creatures tries to show even a slight aggression they are punished severely even though the zoo made these misjudgements of bringing them to visito rs at this age. A cub was brutally whipped when it accidentally harmed a child. And after all these cruel things reached the media, the authorities came to close down the school, and the insane owner irresponsibly released all the animals from their cage. It is not just one case, not just two. This is happening all over the world. And while only few cases are being uncovered and prosecuted by the authorities, many more animals are suffering their fate in silence.In order to make up for the criticisms due to the reasons above, zoos nowadays may claim that they help protect endangered species animals and at the same time revive them. For example, zoos now have captive breeding programs to increase the number of the threatened animals, as the animals are being monitored and taken care by animal experts. In this way, those animals can be defended from their problem that they would have faced in their natural surroundings. Animals that are usually the prey would be safe from being hunted by their predators whereas predator animals such as lions would not have died due to starvation.This is because zoos keep the same kind together while providing them food. These are at least the arguments that zoos can announce and they also claim that they will be able to release the captive creatures back to the wild. However, is there evidence that the majority of the zoos will be able to perform such task? The answer is no. According to an article more than 95% of the world zoo industries do not take part in official captive propagation and reintroduction initiatives (Laidlaw 4). What is the point of raising the animals where there is no certainty of releasing of them?Suppose there are a small number of zoos that actually reintroduce their animals back to the wild, will it be successful? The animals that they have been raising will have lost their animals instincts as a result of being kept in a place without the interaction between animals of different species, being confined in a small place causing lack of exercise and being given food instead of the animals working for themselves. In addition, there will be animals that are born in the zoo in which they never have the jungle experience.Take tiger for example, for them to survive, they must know other animals’ behaviour in order to hunt and they must have strong legs. But how can they perform that when they have not been in contact with other creatures and how can they jump and run quickly without the having to hunt before? It will be just like my house’s pet dog which does not know how to cross the road. Let’s just pretend that the zoos have managed to teach them, but there are still further issues and that is the number of red list species that zoos are actually conserving.According to a report it was found that the CCZ, 13 zoos in the UK, known as the Consortium of Charitable Zoos, only keep 3. 5% of the animal species that are in the threat of extinction, and the majority them are the least concerned species. Only 24. 7 to 29 % of the zoos’ animals are in the red list zone (â€Å"Animal† 3). This in a sense mean that, zoos are not capable of doing conservation of endangered animals, plus it also means that there are still many other creatures kept in the zoo that are not threatened. An eagle should be seen soaring through the sky spectacularly, a lion roaming he jungle fiercely; it is such a sad event to see them restricted in the zoo. What we see in the zoo are not really the animals that we see, but rather a figure that resembles the images of the creatures of what we learn in the school. What I would define a zoo, is a large prison that holds tons of innocent animals as prisoners in order to make money. As humans cannot live with animals in the jungle, same happens with animals. Animals are part of nature and increase the beauty they are not made to keep in zoos and earn money.Did we also ever realize that we are actually paying money to the zoos to see such prisoners for our entertainment or education purposes? Indeed, a zoo is a business centre; all they do is to make profit such as from animal circuses, animals trading. Moreover, they would try to cut down the cost of building a healthy natural habitat, at least not for every species, and they would feed animals with a limited amount of food where the food might not be of proper nutrition. To make matter worse, poorer countries do not have good facilities or the budget, even for a certain individual species.Even for conservation of endangered species, they do not invest their own money, but accept donation from people and wildlife companies. In zoos like that we will normally see a donation box presented next to the threatened species. If they are really providing help for the protection of wildlife, why not use their own fund. Finally, with strong voice, we can say that Zoos should be ban in human societies because it’s nothing but a giving pain to the an imals in many ways. Work Cited â€Å"Animal Ark or Sinking Ship? †. Born Free Foundation. July 2007. Web. http://www. bornfree. org. uk/fileadmin/user_upload/files/zoo_check/animal_ark. df. Nov 24 2012. Clubb, Ros. Mason, Georgia. A Review of the Welfare of Zoo Elephants in Europe. University of Oxford. 2003. Print. Dr. Best, Steven. â€Å"Zoo and the End of Nature†. University of Texas. 1999. Web. http://www. zoocheck. com/articlepdfs/Zoos%20and%20the%20End%20of%20Nature. pdf. Nov 22 2012. Kazarov, Elena. â€Å"The Role of Zoo in creating a Conservation Ethic in Visitors†. Australia, Sydney Washington University in St. Louis. 2008. Web. http://digitalcollections. sit. edu/cgi/viewcontent. cgi? article=1579&context=isp_collection. Nov 24 2012. Laidlaw, Rob. â€Å"Reintroduction of

Narrative Technique of Sula Essay

Although Sula is arranged in chronological order, it does not construct a linear story with the causes of each new plot event clearly visible in the preceding chapter. Instead, Sula uses â€Å"juxtaposition,† the technique through which collages are put together. The effects of a collage on the viewer depend on unusual combinations of pictures, or on unusual arrangements such as overlapping. The pictures of a collage don’t fit smoothly together, yet they create a unified effect. The â€Å"pictures† of Sula’s collage are separate events or character sketches. Together, they show the friendship of Nel and Sula as part of the many complicated, overlapping relationships that make up the Bottom. Morrison presents the novel from the perspective of an omniscient narrator — one who knows all the characters’ thoughts and feelings. An omniscient narrator usually puts the reader in the position of someone viewing a conventional portrait or landscape rather than a collage. (In such situations, the viewer can perceive the unity of the whole work with only a glance.) To create the collage-like effect of Sula, the omniscient narrator never reveals the thoughts of all the characters at one time. Instead, from chapter to chapter, she chooses a different point-of-view character, so that a different person’s consciousness and experience dominate a particular incident or section. In addition, the narrator sometimes moves beyond the consciousness of single, individual characters, to reveal what groups in the community think and feel. On the rare occasions when it agrees unanimously, she presents the united community’s view. As in The Bluest Eye and Jazz, the comm unity has such a direct impact on individuals that it amounts to a character. In narrative technique for Sula, Morrison draws on a specifically modernist usage of juxtaposition. Modernism, discussed in Chapter 3, was the dominant literary movement during the first half of the twentieth century. Writers of this period abandoned the unifying, omniscient narrator of earlier literature to make literature more like life, in which each of us has to make our own sense of the world. Rather than passively receiving a smooth, connected story from an authoritative narrator, the reader is forced to piece together a coherent plot and meaning from more separated pieces of  information. Modernists experimented with many literary genres. For example, T. S. Eliot created his influential poem The Wasteland by juxtaposing quotations from other literary works and songs, interspersed with fragmentary narratives of original stories. Fiction uses an analogous technique of juxtaposition. Each successive chapter of William Faulkner novel As I Lay Dying, for instance, drops the reader into a different character’s consciousness without the direction or help of an omniscient narrator. To figure out the plot, the reader must work through the perceptions of characters who range from a seven-year-old boy to a madman. The abrupt, disturbing shifts from one consciousness to another are an intended part of the reader’s experience. As with all literary techniques, juxtaposition is used to communicate particular themes. In Cane, a work that defies our usual definitions of literary genres, Jean Toomer juxtaposed poetry and brief prose sketches. In this way, Cane establishes its thematic contrast of rural black culture in the South and urban black culture of the North. Morrison, who wrote her master’s thesis on two modernists, Faulkner and Virginia Woolf, uses juxtaposition as a structuring device in Sula. Though relatively short for a novel, Sula has an unusually large number of chapters, eleven. This division into small pieces creates an intended choppiness, the uncomfortable sense of frequently stopping and starting. The content of the chapters accentuates this choppy rhythm. Almost every chapter shifts the focus from the story of the preceding chapter by changing the point-of-view character or introducing sudden, shocking events and delaying discussion of the characters’ motives until later. In â€Å"1921,† for example, Eva douses her son Plum with kerosene and burns him to death. Although the reader knows that Plum has become a heroin addict, Eva’s reasoning is not revealed. When Hannah, naturally assuming that Eva doesn’t know of Plum’s danger, tells her that Plum is burning, the chapter ends with Eva’s almost nonchalant â€Å"Is? My baby? Burning?† (48). Not until midway through the next chapter, â€Å"1923,† does Hannah’s questioning allow the reader to understand Eva’s motivation. Juxtaposition thus heightens the reader’s sense of incompleteness. Instead of providing quick resolution, juxtaposition  introduces new and equally disturbing events. Paradoxically, when an occasional chapter does contain a single story apparently complete in itself, it too contributes to the novel’s overall choppy rhythm. In a novel using a simple, chronological mode of narration, each succeeding chapter would pick up where the last one left off, with the main characters now involved in a different incident, but in some clear way affected by their previous experience. In Sula, however, some characters figure prominently in one chapter and then fade entirely into the background. The first chapter centers on Shadrack, and although he appears twice more and has considerable psychic importance to Sula and symbolic importance to the novel, he is not an important actor again. In similar fashion, Helene Wright is the controlling presence of the third chapter, â€Å"1920,† but barely appears in the rest of the book. These shifts are more unsettling than if Shadrack and Helene were ancestors of the other characters, generations removed, because the reader would then expect them to disappear. Their initial prominence and later shadowy presence contribute to the reader’s feeling of disruption. The choppy narration of Sula expresses one of its major themes, the fragmentation of both individuals and the community. Sula. New York: Knopf, 1973. Rpt. New York: Penguin, 1982

Why and How Retailers Internationalize - H&M Literature review

Why and How Retailers Internationalize - H&M - Literature review Example There are a number of reasons and motivations for the retailers including H&M to internationalize. One of these motivators is retail expansion due to saturation in the local market. Other motivators for internationalization are resource seeking, market seeking, efficiency seeking and strategic asset seeking. Resource seeking and market seeking are usually motivators for a firm’s initial internationalization strategy, while the other two are for sequential internationalization. After motivation triggers the internationalisation process, the retail firms has to study the market to be entered, so they can optimally position themselves there. Number of factors will help the firms including H&M in market positioning, thereby aiding them in carrying out the operations aptly. These typically include selecting the right target market, studying and understanding the competitive environment, then accordingly formulating steps to improve their competitive position, having a strong store brand image, and controlling the supply chain. Another very important factor that would determine success is the mode of market entry. There are a number of modes but the most common ones are licensing, franchising and joint ventures. These modes are only followed by number of retailers including H&M while expanding overseas. There are others entry options such as acquisition, mergers and contracts, but is not a part of the scope of this paper. This paper will review existing literature on reasons why retailers internationalize – Motivation for Internationalization, in brief. These are fundamentally the same for many firms, retail or non-retail. Moreover, market position that ensures that an internationalization strategy is a success in foreign shores will be discussed. Finally, how retailers internationalize or methods they use to enter new markets will also be discussed concisely. All of this will be discussed keeping in mind the practical case of the renowned fashion

Statistics Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Statistics - Coursework Example The mean, median and interquartile range for the HPI are 42.238, 41.980 and 12.849 (Q1 = 35.841, Q3 = 48.690 respectively. Both the mean and median values for the HPI are very close to each other and the median value of 41.980 is approximately in the middle of first and third quartiles. This indicates that the distribution of HPI is symmetric (normal), which is also indicated by the histogram of the HPI. The mean, median and interquartile range for the HDI are 0.663, 0.698 and 0.266 (Q1 = 0.522, Q3 = 0.788 respectively. The mean value of HDI is less than the median value and the median value is near to the third quartile as compared to the first quartile. This indicates that the distribution of HDI is left (negatively) skewed, which is also indicated by the histogram of the HPI. Figure 3 shows a scatter diagram depicting the relationship between the two indexes. A positive linear relationship between the two indexes is apparent from the scatter diagram. This means that as the HPI of a country increases its HDI also increases and vice-versa. The value of the product moment correlation coefficient between the HDI and HPI is 0.3109 indicating weak positive linear relationship between the HDI and HPI. This agrees with the statement that I said in earlier in part iii. Figure 4 shows a scatter diagram depicting the relationship between the Ecological Footprint and GDP per capita. A very strong positive linear relationship between the two variables is apparent from the scatter diagram. Since the value of the slope coefficient 0.00012 is different from the zero, this means that there is a relationship between the Ecological Footprint and GDP per capita and the Ecological Footprint can be predicted using the GDP per capita. The slope coefficient value of 0.00012 indicates that each additional $1000 increase in GDP per capita increases the Ecological footprint by about 0.12 global hectares per capita

Martin Luther King's Letter from Birmingham Jail Essay - 1

Martin Luther King's Letter from Birmingham Jail - Essay Example King supported are the ones that guide the contemporary social workers. He believed that people had equal rights, despite of the color of their skin and their ethnic origin, and he proved that restricting those rights demeans both the oppressed and the oppressors. In the contemporary society where segregation according to various tokens, beginning from race and ending with sexual orientation or religious affiliation is still a vital problem, his ideas are very valuable. In the Letter from Birmingham Jail the author did his best to prove the right of his people to organize civil non-violent actions of protest, as they were prohibited in the city of Birmingham at those times. In order to prove his viewpoint, Martin Luther brings the examples from the religious sources, such as the New and Old Testament, from the history of the American democracy, and from the world history. For example, in order to explain and support his vision of the just and unjust laws Martin Luther provides the words of the middle-age catholic religious leader and mystic St. Thomas Aquinas, and when the need for the civil disobedience needs to be proved, he brings the example of the people who disobeyed the command to give all the Jews to the Nazi government both in Germany and occupied countries. To support this claim he also recalled the early Christians who refused to obey the orders of Nebuchadnezzar, as those were against their moral and religious beliefs. In order to clear himself from the accusations in the extremism, Martin Luther recalled the well-known phrases and sayings by the famous people like Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln, John Bunyan and the Christ's apostle, Paul, which sounded extremist, but their aim was clear and just; he proved that they were the extremists for love, justice and freedom. In his writing Martin Luther talked about priests and ministers, clearly displaying that all of them were sometimes capable of the heroic words and deeds, and of the cowardice or malice prepense. The author emphasized that social status or occupation doesn't determinate the moral qualities of the human being. This idea is one of the basic principles of the contemporary social work. It is believed that a person who is in need has the right to receive help despite of age, race, gender, social status etc. Dr. King was one of the most prominent social activists who introduced this idea into the minds of ordinary Americans, bringing this value from the religious sphere to the social one. Martin Luther King was a religious person, and at the beginning of his fight he hoped that the white clergy will support his claims, as they coincided with the values and norms that were promoted by them. Unfortunately, according to his own words "some have been outright opponents, refusing to understand the freedom movement and misrepresenting its leader era; an too many others have been more cautious than courageous and have remained silent behind the anesthetizing security of stained-glass windows." By those actions the white religious leaders alienated numerous black, Latina and even white followers from their churches, as it was obvious for those people that by oppressing or being neutral towards the anti segregation movement is against all the principles they proclaim on their Sunday preaching, against the norms and values declared in the Bible. Those events also gave Martin Luther King the opportunity to show to the

Product Quality Testing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Product Quality Testing - Essay Example The big question here is how much testing needs to be done, because the testing requires time, which is precious because the clients and users want the product as soon as possible. The paper will include sources that will be used in order to support the question of how much testing needs to be done in order to ensure a good quality product and to show that there is a problem when too much or too little testing is done. A review of literature will be presented to show how we come up with the conclusion. The review includes the study done by Rothman (2001) on release criteria. Rothman (2001) tackles when to release a software/ Also in the article written by Barbara Tallent (2008) she discusses when it is enough for testing and releases it in market. At the end of the paper a conclusion was given and the paper will try to find the best answer on the addressed question. In the article written by Johanna Rothman (2001) "Release Criteria: Defining the Rules of the Product Release Game," he discusses the problems involve in releasing the product early. He also point out that the decision of releasing the product comes from the higher authority of the organization usually the production managers. The article includes the case of Rita who heads the team in developing software. The production manager is being pressured by the customers and needs to release the product as soon as possible. In order to do so Rita and PM releases criteria for the team to decide. The criterion includes; All code must compile and build for all platforms Zero high priority bugs For all open bugs, documentation in release notes with workarounds All planned QA tests run, at least 90 percent pass. Number of open defects decreasing for the last three weeks. Feature x unit tested by developers, system tested by QA, verified with customers A, B before release. All open defects evaluated by cross-functional team. The decision in releasing the product at earlier time should comply with the release criteria. The release criteria objectives are specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, and trackable. Before releasing the product it should agreed upon by the entire project team and understood by senior management. The reasons for such release should be reasonable enough. Rothman (2001) in the article uses the release criteria to evaluate whether the product can be release or not. This also assesses the entire project and the prediction of an early warning on the incoming problem on the product. Based on the article a product can be released as long as it complies with the release criteria created by the team. Another review on the immature release of the product is shown in the article written by Bernadette Tallent (2008). In this article she presented a case study wherein the VP of marketing for a software company was about to release a new product. The product was incomplete and the team knows it. Extensive user testing on the product has been done and they concluded that the product was missing several key features. Meetings have been done to assess whether or not to release the product in the market. In order to decide in releasing or not releasing the product the group listed trade offs: Reasons to Release The product was stable The product was due to be announced at an Internet World - if we missed the release date we would miss the

Cadbury Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cadbury - Essay Example It is interesting to note that the Cadbury family were Quakers (The Story of Cadbury, n.d); as Quakers, it was their job to carry out reforms to bring positive changes to the social and industrial life of society. The Cadbury family even tried to eliminate poverty and deprivation; John Cadbury actually introduced chocolate and related products to act as substitutes for alcohol since he believed alcohol was the main cause of poverty in the lower classes of society (The Story of Cadbury, n.d). More of the Cadburys dedication towards improving life for others can be seen in the way in 1893 120 acres of land were bought by them near the Bourneville factory, to house the workers (The Story, n.d), and from the way they were producing chocolates on a large scale and thus affordable for everyone and not just limiting it to the elite classes (The Story, n.d). The Cadburys even encouraged their customers to interact with them and their production process by setting up tours of the factory in 1 988 (The Story, n.d). In my opinion, this kind of humanistic attitude should be there in managing businesses; customers are the only reason why businesses can sell their products and make profits, and it only makes sense that the customers should be paid attention to and taken care of. I especially liked how the factory tours were set up which would allow the customers to witness the production process themselves and even feel part of and connected to the business on a personal level. The Cadbury family had created a favorable public image of themselves and their chocolate business, and this image has been maintained throughout the years into today. In my opinion, a business is nothing without its consumers; businesses have to construct a favorable image of themselves in order to sell a product. For example, it has set up the Cadbury Cocoa Partnership and provide money to small cocoa farms in Ghana, India, Indonesia and the Caribbean (The Story, n.d); this money is used

Data Communication Using the Top-Down Approach Essay - 2

Data Communication Using the Top-Down Approach - Essay Example According to Hicks (2004), this the top down emphasizes on planning as well as a total understanding of the system and in this case coding does not begin until a sufficient level of detail has been attained. This design was promoted by Harlan Mils who was an IBM researcher and Niklaus Wirth in the 1970s. Â  Equity first a mortgage brokerage company located in New England has a centralized operations center. This center which is located in Exeter, New Hampshire, is the center of all operations and it, therefore, controls all the operations of the other ten branches in Maine and Massachusetts. It is also the administrative center as it hosts departments such as accounting, human resources, executive management, and support staff. The operations center maintains a central database used to store customer information, such as loan applications, credit check information, and approval status. This fulfills the first requirement that the top-down model needs to have a central office that manages all the operations. Â  Computer networking using the top-down approach focuses on new short interlude and eventual ‘putting it all together’ that follows the coverage of the network, data link layers, transport awe well as application (Hicks 2004). Each office at Equity first is now self-reliant as they do not rely on the main office to ensure maintenance as well as effective communication. It is also responsible for the decrease in errors when it comes to operations hence no delays or breaks downs in communication takes place because each operation takes place separately. It is also quite easy to maintain because the errors are few and are easy to identify and correct.

Hans Delbruck is one of the most insightful theorist of the 20th Assignment

Hans Delbruck is one of the most insightful theorist of the 20th century - Assignment Example That is why the German historian Hans Delbruck became the voice of professional military history. His family and educational background had a tremendous influence on his interest in war and were key factors contributing to his writings on: ancient, medieval and modern warfare. Delbruck’s great works are not only for military men, but for those who know nothing about the military. Delbruck came from a household of educated parents and political influences. Family, political influences and education became the key factors that developed his personality. Hans was born in a bourgeois family; his parents gave him an opportunity to become an educated person. As a rule, historians apply two terms in order to characterize Delbruck’s family – â€Å"typical† and â€Å"extraordinary.† On the one hand, it was a typical bourgeois family. On the other hand, it gave the world a historian with extraordinary skills. The would-be historian studied at two educational institutions – Bonn and Heidelberg. Here he got the basic knowledge for his future researches. Being a soldier gave Delbruck an opportunity to participate in Franco-German War. After this event young Hans became Prince Waldemar’s teacher. Getting in touch with the German imperial family, participation in war and education influenced Delbruck’s point of view upon life. War contributed to his interest in military issues. Soon Hans became a member of the German Reichstag. Before this he had been a professor of modern history and delivered lectures that were very popular among the students. Being a member of Reichstag Delbruck always opposed the policy led by the Prussian government; especially it concerned its dealing with the Poles and the Danes. It is necessary to stress that Hans Delbruck applied the analysis of battles in order to get information he needed. Thus, The Sachkritik of battle analysis helped Delbruck take previous accounts of engagements and measure those limits of geography, and military craft. These points were discussed in Hans’s book History of the Art of War in the Framework of Political History (1900). In this work Hans Delbruck emphasized the connection between the nature of policy and armies during the battle. The basis for the book became a minute analysis of the Sachkritik. It should be noted that Delbruck’s observation of battles made him popular, both positively and negatively. First of all, Delbruck discovered the major reason for defeats in wars. He proved that everything depends upon the number of soldiers. Hans’s analysis of the battles helped him to draw a conclusion that only the army with more soldiers has chance to win the war. Moreover, the theorist persuaded the public that the number of people in armies was always exaggerated in historical documents. These facts explained a lot of things and filled the gaps in military history of ancient times. As for the negative impact of the theor ist, he tried to persuade the public that military history is the branch of general history and it is necessary to do something in order to match them. However, this means that people studying history are expected to learn military history. In this case, students may conclude that arms, wars and battles are just common things in people’s life. This knowledge may have negative impact and give birth to wars and violence. The scientist gave the world much information about medieval knights. However, it turned to be rather controversial. Here Hans separated a knight from

TLMT312 WEEK 8 FORUM Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

TLMT312 WEEK 8 FORUM - Assignment Example However, I still need to learn various techniques in the course to improve my class performance such as undertaking thorough research on supply logistics and inventory management to understand it well. There are certain logistics courses objectives that are still not clear to me such as cost associated with inventory procedures of instituting and monitoring whole inventory resources. It is cumbrous to identify cost related with record process. I would read various scholarly books on the topic and consult my tutor on the areas so that I can fully comply with the objectives of the course. The main ways of measuring prospect effects of what I have learnt on the course is through improvement of my performance on the course in exams and assignments, comparing the level of participation in class and groups and determining the level of creativity in the whole course about the application in real world. Positive steps on the techniques above would depict massive advancement on the

Workforce Diversity Essay Example for Free

Workforce Diversity Essay An organisation is said to be a social arrangement for achieving controlled performance in pursuit of collective goals (Buchanan and Huczynski, 2010, Seventh Edition). The social arrangement referred to the group of people who interacted with each other as a result of their membership in the organisation; whilst collective goals meant that the members shared the same goals and objectives. These concepts, especially collective goals, were the major arguments advocated by classical management theorists to explain the nature of economic and social life within the organisation. For example, Weber (1964) stressed the importance of rationality and impersonality, and argued that, managers and employees behaved and interacted in a stable and rational way. Henri Fayol (1916) also advocated for the subordination of personal interests and preferences because ignorance, ambition, selfishness and all other human passions tend to cause the general interest to be lost sight of However, as a result of modern growth and expansion of businesses in a globalized economy, corporations became more complex, providing manager with the problem of controlling and organising economic activities. It also resulted in the re-examination of using classical management theories in explaining the new social arrangement, as classic writers focused on rationality and impersonality as it improved organisational efficiency and tended to neglect what McGregor (1960) described as the human side of the enterprise. In other words, there was need to examine the social interaction amongst members of the organisation, as well as recognize that there were differences that existed that prevented a homogeneous workforce. It was these differences that are part of the workforce diversity concept. Workforce diversity, then, is the concept of accepting that the workforce consists of a diverse population of people. The diversity consists of visible and non-visible differences which will include factors such as gender, age, background, race, personality and work style. It is founded on the premise that harnessing these differences will create a productive environment in which everybody feels valued, and where their talents are being fully utilised (Fullerton and Kandola, 1994). In other words, workforce diversity concept accepts that there are fundamental differences in the organisations social arrangement and theses differences play a significant role in achieving organisational objectives, at is has both benefits and implications which can affect the company. Ignoring the importance of workforce diversity can cost the organisation time, money and efficiency. It can lead, for example, to an inability of the organisation to attract and retain talented people of all kinds. For example, Ron Ruggles (2004) argued that in the restaurant industry, it would be difficult to fully staff restaurants, retain management and staff at competitive leadership levels, as well as broaden our understanding of and appeal to our diverse customer base without diversity. We can see then, ignoring workforce diversity can lead to high employee turnover, which in itself would mean a loss in investment in recruitment and training. It would also lead to a limited customer base, thus reducing the potential profit to be earned by the organisation, and can cause the company that is not diverse to be viewed negatively by the public and customers, resulting in a further loss of goodwill and reputation. Ignoring workforce diversity can also lead to legal complaints and action, as the company may be perceived as discriminatory. For example, Clive Seligman (2003) highlighted the case of Wilfrid Laurier University in Ontario, Canada, which advertised a female only faculty position in Development Psychology, with Professor Angelo Santi, chair of the department , admitting that they would not consider a male for the position, even if he were to be better qualified. This practice could be seen as unfair and discriminatory and may have resulted in controversy and bad reputation for the University. This could also happen to an organisation if they were to utilize such practices. Despite this, workforce diversity also has benefits if managed properly, which would be of significant interest to the organisation. One benefit of managing workforce diversity is that it allows for better use of societys stock of human resources, and thus allows the organisation to access the range of skills, expertise and talents available. As Elaine Keight, manager of car manufacturer Jaguar Land Rover said, We are focusing on investing in our work environment to ensure that there are no barriers to anyone joining the company. We want to attract the best talent available, not just graduates, but from all section of the community. (Broughton and Strebler, 2008). This would be important to an organisation, as it should ideally pursue a workforce possessing different skills and backgrounds, and not just from a narrow cross section of society. Workforce diversity may also be significant to the firm in that it can improve levels of social understanding which may lead to new target markets. As Lynn Sullivan (1998) stated, Having a diverse workforce will result in having the capacity to develop more creative ideas and solve problems. After all, people of different backgrounds bring a wide range of experience and more ways of looking at an issue. Chris Pierce et al (2004) concurred, stated that recruiting and retaining people of diverse backgrounds who can share a common business approach is a priority Diversity in gender, age and race is correlated with superior business performance in worker productivity, gross revenue, market share and shareholder value. This means that members of a diverse workforce will be able to give different insights on particular problems and issues, for example, how different products and services may be viewed by different groups, either positively or negatively, which can be a useful tool for the organisation to gauge how successful the product might be. The challenge of workforce diversity, therefore, lies in the continuous improvement of integration and social acceptance of people from different backgrounds. People possess different human characteristics which influences the way they think, act interact and make choices. It is these differences which offer challenges to building trust and commitment and affect the ability to effectively function together. (Kelly, 2001). To address this challenge, management can promote diversity, by various methods, such as mentoring diverse employees; empowering employees to challenge discriminatory behavioural acts and perceptions, as well as provide training for increasing the accuracy of perceptions, and create an appreciation for diverse skills. By doing this management can avoid future problems as well as deal with current issues that may occur in the organisation, thereby improving and strengthening organisational performance. We have, therefore, evaluated the significance of workforce diversity as it relates to the modern organisation, by analyzing the benefits and challenges of workforce diversity, as well as the consequences and adverse repercussions the organisation may encounter if it were to ignore workforce diversity issues.

Everyday Use, Alice Walker | Character Analysis

Everyday Use, Alice Walker | Character Analysis In the short story Everyday Use, Alice Walker crafts the character of the three main characters in a clever way. This was very important as it is the three characters, Dee, Maggie and Mama who made the story to be as powerful as it is. The three main three characters are used very well by walker to pass the underlying concepts of the story. Dee and Maggie are the two daughters of mama and this paper is going to analyze their character differences. Starting with the first paragraph of the short story, Alice Walker builds a powerful image of Dee. At first she seems to be a very shallow character. However, this changes as the story develops and she becomes more and more complex. Blessed with both beauty and brains, Dee immerges as a girl who is still struggling with her heritage and identity. She is a flat character, who many think is selfish and arrogant. Through her eyes, one can very notice her narcissistic and egoistic nature. She is depicted as a fairly-skinned black girl who thinks that she is better than everybody else because she has a slim waist, good air and educated. In contrast to Dee bad character, Walker builds Maggie as a person with good character. She is the guardian of history and the culture of her people. The two girls and their mother with their different characters serve as artistic representations of a range of aspects of African Americans heritage and culture. In addition to this, they are the readers crea tive guide to comprehending the identity struggles faced by the African Americans during this time. As stated above, Dee is portrayed as an egoistic and a selfish person with a superficial understanding of her own heritage and culture. She epitomizes the misguidance and confusion of young black Americans in the late 1960s and 1970s. This type of character is evident in her exchanges with her sister and mother. Dee she considers herself as sophisticated, and more than the abased quality of the lives led by her sister and mother. She courageous and makes her feelings clear by attempting to take the quilts that her mother had promised to Maggie. She says that in actual sense her sister Maggie cannot appreciate those quilts as she would probably be old fashioned to put them to everyday use. She erroneously believes that by using these quilts for other purposes other than their original intended purposes, she would be respecting and preserving her heritage. However, this is not the case as her desire to put the quilts on display can be interpreting to being the same as white capitalist cashing in on ethnic artworks. Not only is she in compliance to the most evil of western ideals, but she is also disrespecting and rejecting her own cultural heritage, all under the pretenses of protecting it. It is in this perspective that Dee can be described as the embodiment of the efforts of a unifying identity, for the reason that she has not yet come to comprehend her place in the community as both an American and an African. In great contrast with the personality of Dee, Maggie is portrayed as a good-hearted and a simplistic person. These personalities add a different dimension to the short story. She comes out to be a more likable character that is a more likely bearer of tradition and her culture sacredness and preserves its heritage more than her educated and brighter sister. Maggie is a bright girl who truly comprehends the true value and meaning of heritage. As her sister Dee affirms, Maggie is backward and unsophisticated to put the quilts promised to her by her mother to everyday use. However, what her sister Dee does not make out is that in doing so Maggie would be preserving the ancestral meaning and importance of the family quilts and this is what is important. Alice Walker strengthens the cultural importance of Maggies personality when she firmly does not allow Dee to have her way. She hugs Maggie close to her, drags her to one room. She goes on to snatch the quilts from Dee and then dumps the m on Maggies lap. This clearly shows that Maggie with support of her mother wants to uphold and preserve a lasting relationship and connection with her heritage. She represents a large number of African Americans who value their heritage and they would love the idea of passing on that heritage to their off springs without diminution between generations. A lot of other things can be said about Alice Walkers Everyday Use. this is a very compelling short story, full of meaning and symbolism. However, as this paper has already discussed, it is the contrasting and the unique characteristics of the main characters that give the story its power. Without Dee for example, the readers would not be in a position to understand the identity struggles that was going on during this time. On the other hand, without Maggie no one would understand the important and commitment that some members of the African Americans had in preserving their heritage and culture. Essay-2 Deceit in Much Ado about Nothing Deceit is useful despite its negative connotation. This is seen in the application of deceit in Shakespeares play, Much Ado about Nothing. In the play there are various instances in which deceit is used either to perpetrate positive or negative motives. Deception is widely used positively by some characters to help other people cope up and succeed in their social way of life. The use of deceit as a theme in Much Ado About Nothing is instrumental in the development of the plot. Deceit as a style helps the characters to achieve their intended goals and motives. These motives are both destructive and constructive, pointing at the positive and negative use of deceit by the characters. Throughout the play, deceit has been used severally by many characters for different motives and intentions. Benedick and Beatrice who in their own inward feelings secretly love each other but use deceit of verbal insults to outwardly show that they do not love each other. This way, deceit has been used by characters to advance and fulfill their personal interests. In addition, Benedick and Beatrice are blindly deceived by Claudio and Hero into believing that each one loves the other. In this way, they are caught into prey by Claudios and Heros deceit which finally makes them fall into love and thereafter get married. Through these incidences it is clear that deceit is good in certain incidences because Claudios and Heros deceit finally united Benedick and Beatrice into a happy marriage. Shakespeare has utilized a combination of sarcasm, pretense, vile humor, envy and counterfeiting to bring out his theme of deception. Benedict and Beatrice secretly admire each other but engage in open showdowns against each other in attempt to hide their feelings. They are trapped in a web of self-deception when they hurl insults at each other, yet privately hoping that the other will notice their true feelings of affection. This only makes the wedge between them to broaden. In trying to outdo each other in wit, they lose the very thing they desire from each other-love. This is typical of what todays society recommends to women that in order to be seen as expensive by the men, they need to put up a tough face and not immediately accept any offer of a relationship. Many of them end up losing the very person they admired to a woman who is less snooty. At the same time deceit has been used for evil and hidden personal motives as evidenced through actions of the troublesome Don John. Don John had an inward revengeful motive against his brother Don Pedro for a military action defeat. While Don John tries to accomplish his revenge against his brother Don Pedro, he merely lies to Claudio that his brother Don Pedro is having an affair with his lover Hero. This is something which angered Claudio very much. Here, deceit has been used mainly for evil and personal hidden motives. In addition, deceit is evident when Don John through his actions of planning an evil scheme with Borachio and Heros servant Margaret. They secretly scheme to disrupt the already planned wedding between Claudio and Hero on the eve of their wedding day through the dressing mannerism of Margaret in Heros dressing. This plan eventually led to Claudio insulting her innocent love Hero of being an infidel which subsequently disrupted their wedding. Here, deceit has been e villy used for fulfilling the ill motives and desires of characters. When the brothers Don Jon and Don Pedro go to visit their relatives in Messina, Don Jon expresses remorse to the citys governor Leonato, for setting ambush against his brother in war. However, the truth of the matter is that Don Jon is very bitter against Don Pedro for beating him in war, and has a revenge mission in place against his brother (Shakespeare). He deceives his brother, at least outwardly, that everything is okay, whereas his heart is in turmoil. This symbolizes although to the extreme, the sibling rivalry that is common among many families today. Due to jealousy, Don Jon devices a wicked plan against Claudio. First, he tries to convince Claudio that his lover Hero, is actually in love with Don Pedro. When he fails, he tries to foil plans of their marriage by accusing Hero of Adultery. By using deceit, he uses his friend Borachio to get his innocent lover Margaret dressed up in Heros attire and then act as if it were Hero herself flirting with Borachio. The negative result is that Claudio detests Hero, calling her an adulterer. Marriages today go through similar challenges, with the threat of infidelity being central. In addition, Leonato and his allies use deceit of false death of his daughter Hero as a punishment of Claudios denial and rejection of marrying her. Leonato and his friends used this deceitful trick in order to trigger feelings of guilt on Claudio of his deeds which led to death of an innocent girl. The overall motive of Leonato was to win favors from Claudio in order to make him abide by whatever he told him. This is an evil way in which deceit has been used for personal hidden agendas diverse from the reality. Much Ado About Nothing is characterized by excessive use of deceit to pass across its message. Deceit has been widely used by various characters in the play for satisfying their interests and motives. Many of the instances of deceit have involved its application to achieve selfish and ill motives. At the same time the way deceit has been useful in turning other peoples social lives like in marriage points at its usefulness. As illustrated in Shakespeares work deception and manipulation can be used by its players to attain both positive and negative ends.

The View of Personal Responsibility for Health

The View of Personal Responsibility for Health INTRODUCTION The connection between freedom and responsibility progressed as a topic on healthcare issues for individuals, families, society and environment. It also includes the factors about the functions of healthcare workers and other contributors that affect health, like issues on how to implement government programs, wherein in other settings there is lack of support from the community members. And the question lies on who is to be blamed when health problems arises. People should remain liable for their own choices, and there are identified factors which are outside the human control where in people become sick caused by environmental predicament. And the outcome of these problems at times they put on the faults to society. Despite of the impressive disagreement, there are assertive evidence why this health responsibility has been lowered to the framework of family and society, within the background of political as societal affairs that functions as one of the providers of healthcare in an y setting. The article â€Å"Responsibility for health: Personal, Social and Environmental gave me a question about who are really responsible for our own health? I contemplate all the factors involved, and in my own proposition, we are responsible for our own actions and health consequences. Justifying the case of those people who are physically challenged or mentally incapacitated. On their case support from the community, aside from the family is needed, that is why the government has a fund and program for that sector or member of the community, it is part of the government to provide the necessary steps for them to be back on the right track of healthy living, which cannot be given by themselves, and the healthcare workers will be on their side to perform the health plans for them. But for those who are able and have a clear mind on what is going on, then the decision to have a better health lies on their own hand. It is our own choice for whatever we want in our lives, we are accountable for our own health, we have the agency to exercise whatever judgement we make as our choice for personal health and safety, and we do recognized the bou ndaries wherein our body will be at risk or can still tolerate the elements or substances that, are being advised to consume minimally or avoid completely. And for me the social side, there responsibility is only for us to be warned about the good or bad effects of any substance available, and to provide support in times health concern arises. Its main responsibility for health is to promote and implement programs that can provide optimum health to individuals. Being funded by the government both nationally and locally, its focus mainly to avoid and eliminate potential health risk, and detection of any possible occurrence of any health issues that will affect the individuals and community as a whole. Health funds derived from taxes were used by health government organization. The benefits include in the public health are the free hospitalization within 24 hours emergency and clinic interventions, laboratory test, dental and immunization, and also subsidy for prescribed medicines. The government also provide assurance that health practitioners are registered with them and fully competent in the practice of their profession. Environment can only be responsible when both personal and social fails to perform the responsibilities they should be doing, such as pollution. Hazardous waste materials must be disposed properly and possible health effect or consequences should be eliminated. All programs for the maintenance of clean environment must be strictly implemented and the rule for a clean surroundings must be enjoyable exercised by the people involved. An environmental health issue can only be experienced due to lack of function and concern to health programs, of both individuals and the society itself. Our greatest hope for minimising the burden of preventable disease and death around the world is through Health behaviour change. Tobacco smoking, less active lifestyle, not healthy diet, and alcohol consumption together account for almost one million deaths each year in the United States alone, for example. The World Health Organisation has cautioned that the global scattered of the tobacco widespread could claim one billion lives by the end of this millennium. The rising frequency of childhood corpulence could place the New Zealand at risk of rearing the à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ rst generation of youngsters to live sickly and die very young than their parents, and the widespread prevalent of fatness among youngsters and mature individuals threatens surprising worldwide health and economic charges. The leading behavioural risks factors are non-compliance to prescribed medical examinations and preclusion and illness management activity, unsafe sex, drug application, family and gun foul play, worksite and motor vehicular accidents) say unequal charges in low-paid jobs and less privileged racial and ethnic populace, as well as in scarce-resource societies all over the globe. Taking these behavioural dangers and distinctions, and the behaviours associated to universal health risks, such as influenza virus outbreak, water scarceness, more harmful ultra violet exposure, and the obligation to guard the health of mother earth itself, will be crucial to global health in this century. There are clinically proven studies for most major behavioural health threats, enclosing tobacco smoking, not healthy diet, unbalanced lifestyle, too much drinking, and diabetes care guidance. There are similar research study instructions for the health care system switches and procedures needed to make sure their efficiency. New society application procedures propose another research study recommendations for a wide array of populace-level, education-, workplace-, and society-based agenda and non-private procedures to develop jab rates and bodily activity requirements for youngsters and mature ones, enhance diabetes self-care guidance, minimise dangerous sun vulnerability, stop second-hand smoke inhalation, eradicate youth tobacco consumption and help mature smokers to quit, minimise workplace and motor vehicular accidents, and reckless drunk driving and family and gun foul play. The restricted power of even our most effective distinct health behaviour precautions, based on studies emphasizing intrapersonal and interpersonal factors of health behaviours, clearly resulted to an exclusive reliance on distinctly oriented precautions would not be enough to reach our critical populace health and health care objectives. These deficiencies led to a basic â€Å"paradigm shift† in our comprehension of what the goals of efficient precautions wanted to be, not just everyone but the full contexts in which they work and live. This movement catalysed the increase of environmental models of health development that have guided the improvement of influential precautions in non-private health and health care facilities. Similar movements in the models and schemes of public health and clinical health advancement opened the way for even wider populace models that link health goals and public health groups, societies, clinical and health care professionals. The Chronic Car e Model proclaimed by the Institute of Medicine and the related structure raised by the World Health Organization as examples. And these structures stimulated works to polish and pertain paradigmatic and principles to interpret efficient clinical and public health programs into application and procedures, enclosing the scattering of innovations model, society and association change principles, and socio-marketing and communications principles. Mega parallel increases in what we have educated about the patterns, procedures and limitations of non-private health improvement and health care quality development from the past three decades describe the basic assumption of this and prior versions of Health Behaviour and Education that an exchange varies between proposition, investigation, and application is crucial to efficient health literacy and advancement. The major principles and examples of health literacy at many levels are: personage, interpersonal, peer groups, society, non-private policy; and in a wide array of settings and populace. Analysis is one of the new exertions to comprehend quickly about â€Å"what generates† by estimating grassroots labours in schools and societies over the nation and the planet to carry out agenda, policies, and ecological shifts to restrain the increase in children obesity as an example as a whole. CONCLUSION: In general, to balance the responsibility between the society and the family, both must recognize its functions to health programs. The society must provide the necessary things for the implementation of care, this involves the healthcare benefits that are subject to be distributed to each member of the society, like medical check-up, free medicine, clean food and drinking water, sanitary project to eliminate pollution, immediate response in any infectious cases, and maintain the ability to identify potential problems. And for the family, the society needs the whole support from each member; the family must participate in all health programs and be open to discuss any health issues. Individual in the family must observe health practice, it includes healthy diet and avoidance of any substances that considered as health risk, and all kinds of vices that affects healthy living. And on the other side of family healthcare protection, it is important that they should acquire health insuran ces for them to be assisted in finances regarding health concerns. Insurances provide financial support and it elevates the burden from expenses in health problems. For environment issues, proper sanitation and garbage disposal must be observed to avoid environmental difficulties. The effectiveness of any government health agenda rest on the assistance of each individual, and family member of the community covered by the program. A clean environment will produce a healthy individual and a happy family, this will stand as the symbol of safe and wholesome society. In addition, to balance all these factors, the government must provide training and proper education regarding health practice, support its workers through proper funding, remuneration and provision of entitled benefits. Individuals and businesses that contribute support for health standards must be supported. In return to this, compliance to taxation program should be followed, individual members of the family and the socie ty as a whole must support government regulation regarding its health programs. REFERENCES: Brownell, K. D. (1991). Personal responsibility and control over our bodies: when expectation exceeds reality.Health Psychology,10(5), 303. Minkler, M. (1999). Personal responsibility for health? A review of the arguments and the evidence at century’s end.Health Education Behavior,26(1), 121-141. Sallis, J. F., Owen, N., Fisher, E. B. (2008). Ecological models of health behavior.Health behavior and health education: Theory, research, and practice,4, 465-485.

Hindu Religious Traditions Essay -- essays research papers

Hindu Religious Traditions Most people in the world derive their religious beliefs and traditions from their parents and peer influences. From a religious point of view, â€Å"There are many definitions for the term ‘religion’ in common usage. [Broadly defined], in order to include the greatest number of belief systems: ‘Religion is any specific system of belief about deity, often involving rituals, a code of ethics, and a philosophy of life’† (Robinson, 1996). However, in examining Hinduism, it is difficult to label the practices as a religion. This paper will expound upon the Hindu traditions, taking into account the characteristics of sacred elements, their meaning, and significance. Hindu Traditions â€Å"For thousands of years people have associated objects in the sky, the Earth, and aspects of their physical world with the gods and goddesses of their culture† (Windows Team, 2000, Mythology). The Hindu culture is no different with the association of several gods and goddesses acknowledged through their traditional worship. Worshipping the many gods and goddesses makes Hinduism difficult to comprehend the many elements of the tradition. The worship of many gods and goddesses is rooted in henotheism. â€Å"Belief in one god without denying the existence of others† (Yahooligans! Reference, 2000). This way of worship is what makes Hinduism complex and hard to understand. In addition, what makes Hinduism even more complex, is that fact that it is also â€Å"viewed as a monotheistic religion, because it recognizes only one supreme God: the panentheistic principle of Brahman that all reality is a unity. The entire universe is seen as one divine entity who is simultaneously at one with the universe and who transcends it as well. [Still others] view Hinduism as Trinitarian because Brahman is simultaneously visualized as a triad - - one God with three persons† (Robinson, 1995): †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Brahma the Creator who is continuing to create new realities; †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Vishnu, (Krishna) the Preserver, who preserves these new creations. Whenever Dharma (eternal order, righteousness, religion, law, and duty) is threatened, Vishnu travels from heaven to earth in one of ten incarnations; †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Shiva, the Destroyer, is at times compassionate, erotic, and destructive. Sacred Elements Thus, it is understandable, based on the various gods worshipped in Hinduism that one must look at th... ... largest religion. Retrieved June 13, 2005 from Religious Tolerance Website on the World Wide Web: http://www.religioustolerance.org/hinduism.htm Robinson, B.A. (1995). Hinduism: A general introduction. Retrieved June 13, 2005 from Religious Tolerance Website on the World Wide Web: http://www.religioustolerance.org/hinduism2.htm Robinson, B.A. (1996). About specific religions, faith groups, ethical systems, etc. Retrieved May 31, 2005 from Religious Tolerance Website on the World Wide Web: http://www.religioustolerance.org/var_rel.htm Windows Team (2000). Mythology. Retrieved May 31, 2005 from Windows to the Universe Database on the World Wide Web: http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link%3D/mythology/mythology.html%26edu%3Dmid Windows Team (2000). Surya. Retrieved June 13, 2005 from Windows to the Universe Database on the World Wide Web: http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/mythology/surya_sun.html Yahooligans! Reference (2000). The American Heritage ® Dictionary of the English Language, 4th ed. Retrieved June 13, 2005 from Houghton Mifflin Company on the World Wide Web:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://yahooligans.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/entries/13/h0151300.html

From the two short stories you have read what do we learn about what :: English Literature

From the two short stories you have read what do we learn about what it was like for American black people to live in Americain the 1950s? From the two short stories; The Gold Cadillac by M.D. Taylor and 1955 by Alice Walker, both set in 1950s America and both written by black female writers we learn about the segregation, racism and poverty of 1950s black America. Both these stories are set in the deep south of America. The gold Cadillac is about a young black girl who knows nothing about racism and discovers it for the first time as she travels with her family into the Deep South in a gold Cadillac. 1955 is written from the point of view of a black woman who has experienced the racism her whole life. America in the 1950s was segregated in the Deep South; it was divided into black ghettos. Even radio stations were divided into stations playing only black music and ones only playing white music. Before Elvis Presley black music would not be played to a white audience so it did not get the recognition it deserved, but Elvis's music was played on all stations and democratised music. Black people did not have the freedom that white people had and were discriminated everywhere they went, black people could not use the same buses and could not eat in the same restaurants as white people and were discriminated by police because the law was nearly completely run by white people, they were turned away at shops and were discriminated against in nearly all other places. In M.D. Taylor's "The Gold Cadillac" the family are driving through the Deep South and the girl sees signs saying "White only coloured not allowed" In Alice walker's "1955" Gracie Mae tells her husband J.T. to put his shirt on because Traynor who is a white man comes to the door, this is because white people had to be treated with more respect because they were seen as more important than black people. The American civil war took place in 1865 and slavery was abolished in the Deep South, but 90 years later there is still resentment from whites towards blacks. The two short stories are all about the prejudice against blacks in the Deep South and how it affects people's lives and freedom. In "The Gold Cadillac" the family is trying to aspire to be rich as they live

The Loss of the Unicorns Horn in The Glass Menagerie :: Tennessee Williams

Topic: Discuss the significance of the breaking of the unicorn's horn. Why does Laura give Jim the broken unicorn as a souvenir? "The Glass Menagerie" by Tennessee Williams is a play which is believed to be part of his real life. As the image of Williams's sister Rose, who is interested in glass animals, Laura also has a glass collection. In the play, the glass menagerie itself is pregnant with significance and symbolism. The breaking of the glass unicorn's horn, Laura's favorite one, symbolizes the shattering of her illusions in life. Laura's personality is characterized by her own collection of glass animals, especially the unicorn. Glass animals are fragile and beautiful and so is she: innocent and vulnerable. Laura is remote from real life, she finds it hard to cope with the world outside the Wingfields? tiny apartment. She is confined in the fantasy world of her glass ornaments: she spends time playing with them and taking care of them. In fact, it is the glass menagerie which she ?takes more interest in than anything else?, and Laura?s favorite one ? the unicorn, is the best reflection of her. The unicorn is different from other ones because it has a horn, it is beautiful and precious in its own unique way. Laura is also pretty ?in a very different way... And all the nicer because of the difference?. This suggests that Laura has unearthly beauty which is hidden by her limp and shyness. However, as Jim points out, unicorns are ?extinct in the modern world? and, therefore, ?must feel sort of lonesome? just a s Laura?s inferiority complex have kept her away from human contacts. Then a big change has happened to Laura and it can be seen through her reaction upon the loss of the unicorn?s horn. When Jim dances with Laura, he hits on the table, dropping the unicorn to the floor and its horn breaks off. Contrary to what might be expected, Laura does not yell or cry out ?as if wounded? like she did when Tom unintentionally broke her glass animal before. She calmly picks it up and reassures Jim that it is alright and ?maybe it?s a blessing in disguise?. She even makes a joke upon the hornless unicorn, ?I?ll just imagine he had an operation. The horn was removed to make him feel less?freakish!?. Now the unicorn is just as normal as the other horses, which symbolizes that Laura becomes more realistic as she begins to accept the truth and learns to face the world.

Love and Basketball: An Overview

Here’s the run-down. Love & Basketball is deceivingly simple in its structure. The movie is divided into the quarters of a basketball game and tells the story of a boy and a girl. Meeting at about the age 11, the film traces their lives as they run parallel and run apart from childhood, to high school, to college, and just after. Monica and Quincy each have their hopes and their dreams. They both want to play basketball on a professional level. For Quincy, it is easier and expected since he is the son of a professional player. It is harder for Monica, both being a woman and as a daughter whose mother cannot understand why she does not want to grow up to be a pretty stay at home wife. Through the whole film the constant between the two is their love for each other and for the game of basketball. The movie is full of honest moments, laughs, tears and some awesome basketball scenes. There are a lot of positives to this movie. This movie shows that no matter what race, gender, or where you came from you can be a successful athlete. Monica is a black female basketball player with an attitude of a male who makes it to the pros. Going into her senior year of high school, Monica was afraid she wasn’t getting any looks by colleges and at the games she was getting looked at she was riding the bench because of her attitude, but the movie showed that it is important to have a strong support system at home. Her parents recognized it and put her in her place! A good athlete has to be all around good. They have to be focused in the classroom and respectable on and off the court! The movie showed how important a healthy home life is needed in more ways than just at Monica’s home. Quincy’s father was a professional athlete that was cheating on his mother. This unhealthy home life affected Quincy and his athletics. Quincy didn’t finish college because of it and entered the draft. After he entered the draft he hurt his knee; consequently he thought his basketball career was over. That was also another positive aspect of the movie, showing the importance of education! If Quincy had finished college and received a college degree he would have had something to fall back on. The main plot line of the movie is very positive in and of itself! A story based on two individuals whom are childhood sweethearts trying to balance following their dreams while trying to keep their love alive is ultimately the hardest thing to do in the eyes of a student athlete of any age! Watching this movie gives you hope that it can actually happen. I know people who try to live this life. Truth be told, it can only happen in a fairy tale though! I don’t believe it. A little girl finds herself in a new neighborhood and having to make new friends. She stumbles upon some boys playing basketball. Being the tomboy she is, she assumes they will let her play. She ends up in a fight with one boy, Quincy. She goes home only to hear her mom go on and on about how she needs to be more girly and quit trying to be one of the boys. Monica has heard this bit her whole life. The young boy is fascinated by Monica; he has probably never had a girl ever stand up to him in that way. He asks her to be his girlfriend and they share their first kiss together. Throughout the years they maintain their strong friendship, living so close together they comfort each other during family problems. They live window to window. They get to high school and Quincy is, of course, quite the ladies’ man; being the best basketball player in the state, they tend to have that effect. Monica plays too, but in high school her anger problems are out of control on the court. Little did they know their romantic lives were about to cross paths again at their very last hooray of high school; senior prom. Quincy of course took one of his random hoes to the prom; whereas Monica just to please her mom. She went with a college guy who her sister set her up with.

Importance of Communication Skills

STUDENT NAME: NYAGOL ONYANGO BRIAN ADM NO. :EC/16/11 COURSE CODE: IRD 107 COURSE TITLE:COMMUNICATION SKILLS WORK:ASSIGNMENT. TITLE:IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION SKILLS TO A UNIVERSITY STUDENT LECTURER: MR. KHWALIA DATE OF SUBMISSION: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦/†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. /†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ STUDENT SIGNATURE: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION SKILLS TO A UNIVERSITY STUDENT. Communication skills are the skills that every individual requires in order to send information to an audience in the most efficient way and receive information from a sender and interpret it correctly. A university student is in dire need of good communication skills to help him/ her undertake all fields of activities in the university including social and academic fields. This is because he/ she will be required to communicate in the most accurate and efficient way to make sure that the information sent or received is perceived in the intended manner. To start with, communications skills will help a student to have good listening habits in class. This will ensure that the student gunners a lot from what he/ she is taught in class since she learns to fully concentrate in the lectures and their subsequent subject matter. Among the skills that will help the student is listening carefully, asking questions, requesting for clarification, responding accordingly, among other things. Communication skills will be very vital for any university student who is a leader. To ensure that all their followers and supporters get them clearly, and interpret their words, gestures and facial expressions correctly, the student has to know how and when to apply these in the communication process. Without appropriate communication skills, the students may risk losing supporters or derailing the people’s confidence in him/ her. The life of a student in the university involves entry into various offices like deans’ offices, lecturers’ offices, Vice Chancellors’ offices, security offices and so on. The student will only get the expected information from the people he/ she finds in the offices if only appropriate communication skills are employed. The student has to ensure that the correct enquiry or question is asked. The student has to give full details of events especially in security offices when reporting a case in order for the correct follow up to be undertaken. Academic life of a university student also entails discussion, public speaking and presentation or research projects and group assignments. The student with good communication skills will deliver his/ her content correctly, in a chronologically planned order and confidently in front of other students. This will ensure that fear in him/ her does not distract the audience from getting the message being communicated by the student. Lack of communication skills may make the student express the information wrongly and hence wrongly interpreted by the audience. Communication skills are also vital to university students in their social relations to their fellows. This comes whenever there is any disagreement on an issue, an extended argument, or a conflict between two or more students. Good communication skills help in conflict resolution and effecting negotiations. When communication skills are implemented at such times, several damages are barred such as fights, insults and even mob actions. For example a student resolving conflict between two other students will ask questions from both parties and evaluate their responses effectively in order to come up with the best solution which suits both parties. University students stay together like four or three students in one room. Angry face all the time, quarrelling at high tones, making noise, are examples of lack communication skills that interfere with the harmonious living if such students together. However, absence of these will leave the students at ease in living together with one another and make them be able to communicate effectively and assist each other in many ways. In conclusion, communication skills are as well important to a university student as academic skills. It is evident that without good communication skills, a student may not be able to acquire knowledge effectively, may get into dangers of misunderstanding and commotions, not get intended replies in university offices, lead an unsuitable social life and many other disadvantages. All students should therefore strive to equip themselves with appropriate communication skills to ease their academic and social life in the university.

Education system of the United States of America Essay

The education system of the United States of America is divided into four major categories; the children join primary school at the age of five years. Upon completion of the primary education the Americans join secondary school which consists of seven years. The students who are through with the secondary level are then enrolled in the undergraduate schools. Students in these schools are offered either with an associate degree which takes two years or a bachelor’s degree which normally takes four years. Finally for the students who have successfully completed their bachelor’s degree and wish to continue enroll in the graduate schools where they can either pursue either a master’s degree which normally takes a period of two years or a doctorate degree for those students who wish to advance their education. Depending on the course the student opts to take the doctorate degree can take as little as three years or as many as six years to complete (Bobo, pp 84). Inequality in the education system of US Inequality in education is said to occur when the education quality that is provided to students is highly related to their class or status. The education system in the United States of America have instead of reducing inequalities existing in the society, the schools together with other educational establishments have to some extent enhanced the perpetuation of race and class boundaries. The allocation of resources in an unfair and unequal manner, to students with diverse socio economic backgrounds, has largely contributed to lowering of test scores and low enrollments rates in colleges. In the United States of America, resources availability and quality is determined by the quantity of funding received by the schools. This funding is determined largely by the amount of taxes that the home owners pay; almost half of taxes collected from home owners are used in the funding of the schools at the district level (Ferguson, pp 77). Neighborhoods that are more affluent collect more property taxes which imply that the schools in these areas receive more funding. Despite the fact that this seems to be quite favorable a serious problem comes up when the circumstances are reversed. The neighborhoods that are predominantly inhabited by poor population, the properties are cheaper and thus the property taxes obtained from such neighborhoods are also less. This therefore means that the schools in these regions are poorly funded and yet they are the ones which the students from the poor families attend. This clearly shows a lot of inequality since the students from the rich families who will in most cases will be living in wealthy neighborhoods will attend school which are well funded by the taxes collected from home owners, whereas their colleagues from the poor families residing in poor neighborhoods will attend poorly funded schools and thus both categories of students will not receive the same quality of education. The above situation reality is that the resources distribution among the schools depends on the socio economic status of both the students and the parents. Therefore, the education system of the United States of America enhances in the widening the existing gap between the poor and the rich. Over the past few years as a result of falling short of social mobility this gap has increased further (Bobo, pp 168). The social mobility is quite rigid in US; this mobility refers to the movement of people in a certain class status from one generation to another. The socio mobility is highly related to the rich tags, they create a notion that anyone with determination and works hard is able progress upward regardless to their back grounds. On contrary to this notion, the economists and sociologists have concluded that social mobility has stagnated or even decreased in the past three decades, some of the declines in the social mobility can only be attributed to the US education system which is stratified. The education system in the country forces the students from the low income families into schools that are not ideal; these students are in turn not offered with equal education motivation and schooling opportunities as those students from rich families. This repeated pattern of intergenerational school choices for child and parent results in social mobility stagnation (Kozol, pp 105). The models showing the attainment of social status have always assumed that social mobility is a contest which is open and that it is based on value as calculated over several years of technical ability and schooling. The open contest made the assumption that there was an equal opportunity to basic education. The Supreme Court made a ruling that schools that were separate but equal were unconstitutional; those opposed to integration had to find new means and ways of denying the basic education. If the schools being attended by the blacks and whites could not be segregated then the classes too could not and thus both the whites and the blacks should attend the same schools and classrooms failure to which will amount to denying equality in education to all students (Kozol, pp 98). Social immobility is more to the children who follow their parents’ footsteps and fail to obtain higher education. Such choices finally make the children from the poor families fail to access higher education. The reasons for the children from poor back grounds opting not to continue with higher education have a lot of explanations. The government on its part does not create enough awareness among the children equally and hence the children from lower class status grow up with fewer expectations in life, because such has not been properly instilled in them early in life by the education system that exists in the country. The education system of the United States of America lets down the students from the low income bracket since it does not offer them equal access to opportunities and resources as it does to those students from wealthy families. Studies have also shown that such programs such as the tracking education and gifted education are further used to manage the separation of those with lower skill levels from the ones with higher skills, which in most cases ends up separating the poor from the rich. In fact, most of the students in the program of the gifted students are from middle class families. This does not mean that it is only the rich students that are smart and the poor ones are not, but it simply implies that the program is used to enhance education inequality among the students on the basis of their back grounds it also shows that the students from the poor back grounds are not offered equal opportunities as the rich ones in their childhood development to enable them build up certain skills. The upper and middle class students grow up in an environment that foster their educational and intellectual development simply because their parents can afford to take their children to the museums, engage them in extra curricular activities, and pay private teachers to attend to their children. The poor children do not have access to such an integrated learning approach and the same is not provided in the education system of the US (Greenhouse, 124). The evidence of the fruits of inequality of the education system in the United States of America and especially in Chicago can be shown by the demographics and enrollment rates in colleges. It is highly influenced by the socio economic status of the students, in a study that was carried out in Chicago which examined the top colleges it found out that the following student representation. Seventy five percent of the students were from very rich socio economic backgrounds while the rest came from the poor back grounds. This is a good example of how much inequality exists in the education system of the United States of America and particularly Chicago (Lui, pp 220). The gap in the education system of US just like the chasm of wealth is growing wider and wider each year. An equal opportunity of accessing quality education has become a perennial dream for most of the progressive people and the working class. This dream has been undermined by forces of neo conservative. Despite the fact that there was the adoption of free education in the public schools by the US government in the past, an equal opportunity for quality education is yet to be achieved. Education in the public schools has always been provided for free, although in the past it was not free to the Native Americans, slaves, migrants, student with special needs, pregnant girls and other groups of people which were neglected (Bobo, pp 180). Although slavery came to an end, inequality in the education system still persists, despite the fact that it was one of the major rights the former slaves fought for. The former black slaves thought that by getting access to quality education they would be in a position to integrate socially with other Americans, but this remains a dream that is yet to be realized even though more than a century has elapsed since slavery was abolished. Black children have to date been denied a chance to access quality education since a vast majority of them come from poor families and the education structure in the united states of America is such that it offers a more favorable environment to rich students and denies the poor ones a chance to attend good schools which are well funded with ample resources to enable the students acquire quality education. As a result the black children have for a long time been prevented from succeeding academically and finally succeeding financially after school which applies to the whites (Kozol, pp 112). In Chicago as it is in most parts of the United States the blacks cannot afford to live in rich neighborhoods and since the schools receive much of their funding from the collection of property taxes from home owners, very little is collected in areas inhabited by the black population which in turn implies that their children will attend poorly funded schools which will in most cases lack proper facilities to enhance a smooth learning process. When students are educated in facilities lacking enough facilities they will end up performing poorly and thus have limited chances of excelling academically and in very rare cases will they be in a position to join credible institutions of higher learning. Such students will therefore, in future not be able to secure good white collar jobs and thus they are likely to earn much less in future as compared to those students who were in a position of attending schools that had enough facilities. Therefore, poor students will in future not be able to take their students to good schools since they cannot afford and hence their children will follow in their foot steps and the poverty chain will continue (Ferguson, pp 152). The education system in the United States aids in the maintenance of the existing class structure. Ever since slavery was abolished, the education system has been used by the racist whites as an instrument of enabling them maintains their throne by maintaining a poor black population. The ideas that the minority are inferior have been spread all over the country for decades and the less informed people have always fallen into the trap, as they are made to believe that intelligence and superiority is determined by one’s race. Skewed data has been used to assert such claims and to spread the ill intended ideas (Kozol, pp 144). Conclusion The education system of the United Sates of America is amounts to inequality as students are not given an equal opportunity of accessing quality education. This is mainly as result of the funding system which has been adopted which denies poor students a chance to attend schools that are well funded and thus have ample facilities to enable the to excel academically. The students from rich socio economic back grounds are in a position to attend well funded schools since such students will in most cases live in rich neighborhoods and since school funding originates from property taxes their schools will be well funded as more taxes will be collected in their neighborhoods. The fruits of this inequality are very evident in the enrollment rates of students in institutions of higher learning as statistics reveal that majority of students in these institutions are from the rich back grounds. The education system of the United States thus leads to inequality and denies the poor students an equal chance as the rich ones. Work cited: Bobo, Kimberley A. ; Wage Theft in America: Why Millions of Working Americans Are Not Getting Paid – and What We Can Do about It (2009): New Press, ISBN 1595584455. Ferguson, Ann Arnett; Bad boys: public schools in the making of black Masculinity (2001): University of Michigan Press, ISBN 0472088491. Greenhouse, Steven; The Big Squeeze: Tough Times for the American Worker (2008): Random House Inc, ISBN 1400044898. Kozol, Jonathan; The Shame of the Nation: The Restoration of Apartheid Schooling in America (2005): Crown Publishing Group, ISBN 0307339416. Lui, Meizhu; The Color of Wealth: The Story Behind the U. S. Racial Wealth Divide (2006): W. W. Norton, ISBN 1595580042.