Motivation is the incentive to work Essay

Motivation is the incentive to pretend hence having a motivated workforce is vital for most businesses, since a highly motivated workforce can lead to higher rates of productivity, better quality output, and low rates of absenteeism and labour turnover.The main factors which, affect the motif of workers are pay levels, job security, promotional prospects, responsibility, working conditions, fringe benefits, participation in decision-making and working in a teamThere are deuce basic theories of motivation, satisfy theories and process theories. Content theories deal with what actually motivates people, what necessarily to be satisfied in order for workers to be motivated. Maslows hierarchy of require is an example of a content surmise. Process theories on the other hand deal with the though processes which affect the workforces behaviour. An example of this is staff at a attach to working on commission, e.g. their pay is directly affected by production or their sales.I hope to improve my understanding of the different theories and how these theories are use in real world companies.Abraham Maslows theory of human motivation was published in 1943. He based his theory upon his belief that actualisation was the ride force of human personality. His theory is a five-tiered hierarchy of of necessity, and is as such1.) Physiological call for These are the basic take to survive, food, shelter and warmth.2.) Security needs These are the needs for job security, security from emotional and physical harm.3.) Affiliation needs These are the needs for affection, belonging, acceptance and friendship.4.) Esteem needs The need for disdain and to gain therespect of others5.) Self-actualisation The need of a person to reach there fullpotential.Maslow believed that each level had to be fulfilled before the next level could be achieved, further erstwhile a level had been achieved that level no longer motivated, for example, hungry man may be desperate for food, but once he eats a good meal, the promise of food no longer motivates him.I believe since, this theory was written in the 1950s it is no longer as relevant, compared to when it was written, due to everybodys physiological needs are met, either by the government or by their job. Security needs are met in todays world, due to the fact that people cannot be unfairly dismissed, hence so long as they do there work correctly they are secure in their job. So these deuce factors are no longer motivational. Other than two levels becoming obsolete, I believe Maslows theory to be relevant to many companies in the business world, which in turn means that I believe Hertzbergs theory to be relevant to most companies in the business world.An example of a company to which Maslows hierarchy of needs is indeed relevant, is Asda. Physiological needs are provided by Asda, but as they are no longer a motivating factor, they are considered irrelevant, since if a person were to not have a job their physiolog ical needs would be provided for by the government. At Asda job security is provided in that, personnel, if Asda deems them, to be inadequate workers, are given an informal warning, and so three ex officio warnings, then a weeks notice would be given if theres no improvement.The affiliation needs of people are fulfilled by each Asda employee beingness given a buddy, which whom, problems, qualms, etc can be privately and confidentially discussed.The esteem needs of people are met by Asda having events such as an achievers lunch, at which, that months best worker from each department is invited to a lunch together. There are also other things like an award for talent the best customer service each month, departmental competitions and employees, if they have an idea to improve Asda, can break Tony, this is a scheme which, allows all Asda employees to participate in the running of the company.The prospect of self-actualisation is achieved by offering employees the opportunity for tr aining, promotion, which leave alone allow them to work their way up the job ladder, to their maximum potential.Douglas McGregors theory of the x and y managers was published in a book called The Human Side Of Enterprise, in 1960. His theory stereo casefuls all managers into two groups, type x and type y.Type x managers work on the assumption that all human beings have an inherent dislike of work and will forfend it if they can. Due to this they work on the principle of reward and punishment, or stick and carrot. McGregor believed that type x managers are lazy, obtuse, dislike responsibility and need to use manoeuver factors to motivate employees, such as pay. Theory x managers contradict, since it relies on employees needing only financial gain to motivate them. Theory x managers give only consideration factors, which, in Hertzbergs opinion do not motivate.Theory y managers are creative and aim to develop potential. They work under the assumption that condition and punishment are not the only way to get people to work. People will be more productive if they are committed to the aims of the organisation, and they will be committed if they have job satisfactionAsda attempt to use type y managers since, employees are encouraged to be creative, with ideas such as the tell Tony scheme mentioned above. But there is one outlying principle used by Asda, which, shows that management cannot be stereotyped, in that employees are financially punished, if they receive an official warning, in that they lose their bonus.Hertzberg theory is that there are context or hygiene factors and motivators or content factors. Context or hygiene factors do not motivate, but without them there would be dissatisfaction. These factors involve the work environment rather than what people actually do on the job. Context factors are, salary, supervision, security, working conditions and status. Motivators or content factors are factors, which, motive employees and involves what people a ctually do on the job. These are achievement, recognition, advancement and responsibility. As with Maslow the context factors, which are the same as the physiological needs and the security needs, have to be fulfilled before the content factors can be fulfilled, which are similar to the higher tiers of Maslows hierarchy, but it is separated into two tiers, rather than five.I believe Hertzbergs theory to be a modification of Maslows theory that is more applicable to the modern world, since modern or basic needs, no longer include only food, shelter and warmth, most people will consider a TV, car, etc, basic needs. These modern basic needs can be covered by Hertzbergs context factors. Asda use Hertzbergs theory, since it is a modern extension of Maslows theory, as I explained above.Taylor theory was not about motivation rather it was about specialisation, which had the same final result as motivation, increased productivity and efficiency. Taylor formed the basis for all the theorists with his display of the scientific approach to decision making. Taylors theory is still applicable to all professions, since he created specialisation, which is the basis of all modern businesses.Previous to Taylor creating specialisation workers had changed jobs erratically, so people never learnt how to do a job efficiently, but when Taylor introduced specialisation people only did one type of job, weaving for example, so they became skilled in doing that specific thing, so the production line was more efficient.During this assignment I have genuine a more though understanding of what motivates people and the theories developed to motivate people. Prior to completing this assignment I had failed to realise the importance of motivation.